💻 Cyber Warfare in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

The Russia-Ukraine war is the first major conflict where cyber operations have run in parallel with conventional military campaigns at scale. This section covers Russian cyber attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure dating back to 2014, the NotPetya malware attack of 2017, and the surge of cyber operations since February 2022. Topics include attacks on Ukraine's power grid, water systems, financial sector, and government databases; the role of hacktivist groups like Anonymous and IT Army of Ukraine; Microsoft, Google, and CISA's contributions to Ukraine's cyber defense; disinformation and information operations on both sides; and how satellite communications (Starlink) became a critical resilience factor. Analysis covers attribution methods, the effectiveness of offensive cyber operations in a kinetic conflict, and lessons learned for global cybersecurity from Ukraine's experience as a testbed for offensive tools.