What are the main Russian cyber attacks on Ukraine?

Russia has conducted sustained cyber operations against Ukraine since at least 2014, with a major escalation in February 2022. Key campaigns include the NotPetya attack (2017), attacks on energy infrastructure, the Viasat hack at war's start, and continuous operations against government, military, and civilian targets throughout the full-scale invasion.

How has Ukraine defended against Russian cyber attacks?

Ukraine's cyber defense has benefited from pre-invasion preparation, Microsoft and Western tech company assistance, CERT-UA operations, and the support of allied intelligence services. Ukraine developed significant cyber resilience by distributing government data to cloud infrastructure before the invasion.

What is the role of cyber warfare in the Ukraine conflict?

Cyber warfare in the Ukraine conflict operates alongside conventional military operations. Russia uses cyber attacks to disrupt infrastructure, spread disinformation, and support physical strikes, while Ukraine has developed offensive cyber capabilities to target Russian systems, including oil and gas infrastructure and military networks.

Who are the main cyber actors targeting Ukraine?

Russian state-affiliated cyber groups targeting Ukraine include Sandworm (GRU), APT28 (GRU), APT29 (SVR), Turla (FSB), and various GRU units. Ukrainian cyber forces, international volunteer hacker groups (IT Army of Ukraine), and allied intelligence cyber units operate on the Ukrainian side.

What can other countries learn from Ukraine's cyber defense?

Ukraine's cyber defense offers critical lessons: distributed cloud infrastructure reduces vulnerability to physical and cyber attacks, international information sharing accelerates threat response, pre-conflict preparation matters enormously, and the integration of civilian tech expertise with military cyber operations creates strategic advantages.

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CERT-UA Incident Response Effectiveness in 2026

By UWA Tech & OSINT Desk · Technology & OSINT Analyst · 1 min read Updated: 26 March 2026

Overview

Assessment of Ukraine's Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-UA) performance — incident response capacity, threat intelligence sharing, and lessons from defending against 3,800+ cyberattacks.